Volume Number: 13 (1997)
Issue Number: 6
Column Tag: develop
by Ingrid Kelly
For the past 12 years, printer driver developers have used the print record's wDev field in the TPrStl data structure to store their device information. Specifically, they've consistently used the high-order byte of this field - commonly known as the wDev ID - to store the device code. Unfortunately, due to the design limitations of the print record and the wDev field, the Printing Manager allowed for a maximum of only 256 IDs. Surprisingly enough (ha ha), with the expansion of the printer market, we're running out of numbers! As a result, with LaserWriter driver version 8.4, we've added a PrGeneral opcode and new structures to the Printing Manager so that developers can work around this limitation.
Both printer driver and application developers need to add code to support this new information, but the changes are minimal. Accompanying this column on the MacTech Web site is a sample application, called PrGeneral Version, that shows you how to properly retrieve the new version information when your application is looking for the features of a particular printer driver.
LaserWriter driver version 8.4 introduced several new PrGeneral opcodes, including a new opcode for driver version information: kPrVersionOp. Using kPrVersionOp is now the recommended way for applications to find out the printer driver currently in use. Remember that for printer drivers that haven't updated to use this new PrGeneral opcode, your application needs to keep its wDev-checking code as well.
For more information on the extended print record opcodes introduced with LaserWriter version 8.4, read the Print Hints column "The All-New LaserWriter Driver Version 8.4" in develop Issue 27. There you'll find a table that lists all the other PrGeneral opcodes supported in Apple printer drivers. See the article "Meet PrGeneral, the Trap That Makes the Most of the Printing Manager" in develop Issue 3 for more information on PrGeneral.
From now on, Apple's Developer Support Center will assign all printer drivers a wDev ID of 255. If you have an old wDev ID number (which is less than 255), you should still use the number you were assigned so that you don't break any applications that vary their behavior based on your driver's wDev. In addition, you should implement the new kPrVersionOp opcode as described here so that new applications can take advantage of it with your driver.
Listing 1 shows the new opcode and structures that you'll need to implement in your PDEF 7 resource. You need to place your creator type in the driver.creator field of the TPrVersion structure. You should also place your version number in driver.release so that application developers know what version of the driver is available.
Listing 1. The new version opcode and structures
enum {
...
kPrVersionOp = 22 // LaserWriter version 8.4 and later only
};
typedef struct {
OSType architecture; // Architecture (for example, 'pwpc', 'm68k')
OSType creator; // Driver's creator type (for example, 'AAPL')
unsigned longrelease; // Release number (for example, 0x8480)
unsigned longinterfaces; // Interfaces version (for example, 0x8480)
} TVersion;
typedef struct {
short iOpCode; // Must be kPrVersionOp
short iError; // For returning errors
long lReserved; // Reserved, set to 0
TVersion driver; // Driver information
TVersion reserved; // Reserved, set to 0
} TPrVersion;
The release and interfaces fields have the same format as the first long in a 'vers' resource - that is, the following four 1-byte values: a major version number, a minor version number, a revision stage (development = 0x20, alpha = 0x40, beta = 0x60, and release = 0x80), and a prerelease version number.
That's all you'll need to do to support the new PrGeneral opcode in your driver - hard to believe, but true!
Although Apple doesn't recommend that application developers check the wDev field of the print record, many do. They assume that the wDev value means they can count on certain features being present in the printer. For instance, many developers assume that a wDev of 3 means the printer driver supports PostScript. In fact, it indicates only that the current printer uses the Apple LaserWriter driver. This leaves out the possibility that a user has a non-Apple PostScript printer driver with an ID of, say, 243.
Even though Apple doesn't recommend that application developers rely on the wDev field (or the new PrGeneral opcode, for that matter), if you're going to change application behavior based on the number or creator returned, at least do so properly so that your applications don't break with future releases of printer drivers. We recommend that you use the PrGeneral kPrVersionOp opcode, if available, to get the structure and then check the driver.creator and driver.release fields to determine the current printer driver and version (see Listing 1). You should also continue to support the old wDev method for printer drivers that have not yet updated to the new PrGeneral opcode. For your reference, the PrGeneral Version sample that accompanies this column shows how to properly retrieve the version and wDev information.
As you can see, the changes that printer driver and application developers need to make to support the new PrGeneral opcode are minimal. We've already adopted this new method with the LaserWriter version 8.4.x drivers. We hope you will, too!
Although from now on all printer drivers will be assigned a wDev ID of 255, we still request that you register your printer driver with Apple's Developer Support Center, to avoid creator type conflicts. To do so, register at http://www.devworld.apple.com/dev/wdev/. Here is the information you need to provide:
You'll receive confirmation of your registration within five to ten working days. If you have questions about wDev registration, write to devsupport@apple.com.
Ingrid Kelly (inge@apple.com) provides technical support for developers as a member of the Multimedia, Printing, Imaging, and Graphics group in Apple's Developer Technical Support. When she's not answering developer e-mails or trying to hold the record for most Technotes written in DTS, Ingrid can be found refilling her office candy bin, trying to come up with the ultimate chocolate chip cookie recipe, or attending Navy Blue Angels flight team demonstrations with her husband, Lance.
